c. 500 BCE - 400 CE: Ancient History
c. 500 BCE - 300 BCE - Ancient Greek artistic and philosophical heyday.
c. 200 BCE - 200 CE - Ancient Rome heyday.
Before 300 CE - Christian monks are writing plainchant: Marian antiphons (hymns to Mary)
the Mass - the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei - that will
313 - Edict of Milan - Constantine I ("The Great") legalizes Christianity. Plainchant begins to
thrive.
330 - Constantine I reconstitutes Byzantium (Constantinople) as the capital of the Eastern
Roman Empire.
376 - Goths, fleeing the Huns, flood into the Western Roman Empire. The Western Roman
Empire begins to collapse.
c. 400 - Augustine of Hippo writes about early Christian music (Confessions, de Musica)
476 - The Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman
Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus.
c. 500 - 1000: Early Middle Ages ("Medieval" period)
Music in the Medieval era and through much of the Renaissance was very different than it has
[video - what is melismatic singing? - 1:00]
c. 700 - Composing in harmony begins using the perfect 4ths and 5ths.
[Play Howard Goodall video - 12 minutes]
Notes on video about the development of musical harmony and notation
c. 400 - Augustine of Hippo writes about early Christian music (Confessions, de Musica)
476 - The Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman
Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus.
c. 500 - 1000: Early Middle Ages ("Medieval" period)
Music in the Medieval era and through much of the Renaissance was very different than it has
been since the Baroque era:
There were only eight notes to an octave, not the 13 we have today. Instead of modern scales,
chords, and keys, music was written in modes.
There were only eight notes to an octave, not the 13 we have today. Instead of modern scales,
chords, and keys, music was written in modes.
[video - what is melismatic singing? - 1:00]
c. 700 - Composing in harmony begins using the perfect 4ths and 5ths.
[Play Howard Goodall video - 12 minutes]
Notes on video about the development of musical harmony and notation
Early medieval melismatic psalmody ....
Psalm 92:12
[play Justus Ut Palma melismatic chant - 2:25]
Psalm 92:12
"My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; when evildoers attack me, my ears are open.
The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
Planted in the house of the LORD, they will flourish in the courts of our God.…"
c. 780 - 820 - The establishment of the Carolingian Empire by Charles I (Charlemagne).
The Carolingian Renaissance. The first musical notation, neumes, is created
to spread Christian music throughout the Carolingian Empire.
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